This Section includes Integrated Assessment Models developed by IAMC Members’ teams. The IAMC Wiki team is currently in the process of thoroughly updating the IAMC Wikipedia, i.e. the common Integrated Assessment Model documentation. This update includes expanding and updating the content (in line with the 6th Assessment Report), increasing model coverage and improving the submission and review process.
IAMC Wiki provides an overview of the IAM models using a transparent wiki-based approach that has been used consistently across a range of models. This allows for direct comparison of these models. In addition to the harmonized model documentation, also Model comparison allow for direct comparisons.
All model teams are encouraged to create a page on the Wiki. Please contact Mathijs Harmsen to join. The model information will be included also in this Section.
The Asia-Pacific Integrated Model (AIM) is a large-scale computer simulation model developed by the National Institute for Environmental Studies in collaboration with Kyoto University, Mizuho Information & Research Institute and several research institutes in the Asia-Pacific region. The AIM assesses policy options for stabilizing the global climate, particularly in the […]
BET-GLUE comprises an energy-economic module (BET) and a bioenergy-land-use module (GLUE). BET is a multi-regional, inter-temporal general equilibrium model with a detailed energy system and an aggregated representation of macroeconomy that follows an optimal economic growth theory. The model explicitly handles energy service demand and end-use technologies in a global […]
The Brazilian Land Use and Energy System (BLUES) model is a perfect-foresight, least-cost optimization model for Brazil. It chooses the energy system configuration with the least total system cost over the entire time horizon of the study, in this case 2010 to 2050. The model minimizes costs of the entire […]
A series of global actions have been made to address climate change. As a recent developed climate policy, Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) have renewed attention to the importance of exploring temperature rise levels lower than 2 °C, in particular a long-term limit of 1.5 °C, compared to the preindustrial […]
The Common Agricultural Policy Regional Impact (CAPRI) model is a global partial equilibrium model for the agricultural sector, with a focus on the European Union. It has been designed for ex-ante impact assessment of agricultural, environmental and trade policies. It has a supply module covering the EU and some auxiliary […]
China TIMES incorporates the whole energy system and water module, including energy supply, energy conversion and transmission, end-use demand sectors, water supply and water utilization. Five demand sectors, agriculture, industry, commercial, residential (divided into urban and rural) and transportation, are considered and further divided into 43 sub-sectors in China TIMES. […]
the Community Integrated Assessment System (CIAS), a new approach to integrated modelling for climate change policy. Previously existing integrated assessment can be categorised into cost-benefit models with detailed economics and relatively simple representations of climate and impacts, and biophysical impacts models that have more detailed information about physical climate changes […]
The Climate, Land-use, Energy and Water Systems (CLEWS) models are focused on assessing interlinkages between resource systems in order to understand how production and use of food, energy and water security resources may contribute to climate change, and how climate change may affect resource systems. The models also assess where […]
Using state-of-the-art probabilistic modelling, CLIMADAcall_made allows to estimate the expected economic damage as a measure of risk today, the incremental increase from economic growth and the further incremental increase due to climate change (see infograph below). The economics of climate adaptation methodology as implemented in CLIMADAcall_made provides decision makers with […]
The COFFEE models was developed at COPPE/UFRJ, Brazil, for assessing climate, land, energy and environmental policies, providing relevant information to experts and decision-makers about the possible development strategies and repercussions of long term climate scenarios. It is a perfect foresight linear programming optimization model, including 18 regions whose main purposes […]
DNE21+ model is developed for consistent and quantitative assessment of international framework and target regarding global warming beyond 2013, as well as of reduction effect of specific countermeasure technologies. Based on detailed technology data of every sector around the world, this model serves as a leading-edge analysis tool and enables […]
The Dystopian Schumpeter Meeting Keynes climate-economy agent-based model (DSK) is an agent based integrated assessment model for climate impacts and the study of climate fiscal and monetary policies. The DSK model is an agent-based simulation laboratory representing a global economy and its relationship with changes in climatic conditions. In particular, […]
E3ME is a macro-econometric model designed to assess global policy challenges. It is widely used for policy assessment, forecasting and research purposes. It is used especially for the assessment of climate and energy policy. International trade is an important part of the analysis. It is designed to assess both national and global […]
E3MG is a sectoral econometric model that has been developed with the intention of analysing long-term energy and environment interactions within the global economy and assessing short and long-term impacts of climate-change policy. It is very similar to E3ME in structure and closely links economic outcomes with energy policy. It […]
The ELENA model is an application of the MESSAGE platform, using the methods and framework of the Brazil Land Use and Energy System (BLUES) model, applied to Ecuador. ELENA is an integrated assessment model that considers four regions: Coast, Andes, Amazon and Galápagos. The base year is 2015, the time […]
EMPIRE is a comprehensive power system model including generation, storage, and transmission capacity expansion. It is designed to determine optimal capacity investments under operational uncertainty, while also incorporating long- and short-term dynamics.To achieve these objectives, EMPIRE is a stochastic linear program endogenously considering uncertainty on an hourly operational resolution of […]
En-ROADS is a transparent, freely-available policy simulation model that gives everyone the chance to design their own scenarios to limit future global warming. You can try your own experiments and assumptions, and get immediate feedback on the likely impacts. The simulation, developed by Climate Interactive, Ventana Systems, and MIT Sloan, runs […]
Developer or Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) The ENV-Linkages Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model is an economic model that describes how economic activities are inter-linked across several macroeconomic sectors and regions. It links economic activity to environmental pressure, specifically to emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The links […]
ENVISAGE has been developed to assess the interactions between economies and the global environment as affected by human-based emissions of greenhouse gases. At its core, ENVISAGE is a relatively standard recursive dynamic multi-sector multi-region CGE model. It has been complemented by an emissions and climate module that links directly economic […]
The EPPA model provides projections of world economic development at a regional and sectoral level, including the economic implications of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, conventional air pollution, land-use change, food demand, and natural resource use. EPPA simulates the evolution of economic, demographic, trade and technological processes involved in activities that […]
The EUCalc models energy, resources, production and food systems at the EU level + UK and Switzerland (EU27+2) under pre-defined (but adjustable) levels of ambitions in regard to technological deployment and consumption behaviour. The modelling approach was inspired by the family of so called 2050 Calculators which were spearheaded by […]
EXIOMOD is an economic model able to measure the environmental impact of economic activities. As a multisector model, it accounts for the economic dependency between sectors. It is also a global and multi-country model with a consistent trade linking between countries at the commodity level. Based on national account data, […]
The Finite Amplitude Impulse Response (FaIR) model is a simple emissions-based climate model. It allows the user to input emissions of greenhouse gases and short lived climate forcers in order to estimate global mean atmospheric GHG concentrations, radiative forcing and temperature anomalies. The original FaIR model (v1.0) was developed to […]
FASOM-GHG is a dynamic, multi-period, intertemporal, price-endogenous, mathematical programming model depicting land transfers and other resource allocations between and within the agricultural and forest sectors in the US. The model solution portrays simultaneous market equilibrium over an extended time, typically 40 to 100 years on a five year time step […]
The FeliX model represents a full system dynamics perspective on the social, economic, and environmental sub-components of the Earth system. Critical interdependencies among these systems are incorporated to recreate the complex dynamic behavior which characterizes the Anthropocene. FeliX is a globally aggregate model that can be adapted and simulated easily […]
FUND is an integrated assessment model originally set-up to study the role of international capital transfers in climate policy. The model is now often used to perform cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analyses of greenhouse gas emission reduction policies. It is therefore most suitable for analysing the social and economic impacts of […]
Many traditional air pollutants and greenhouse gases have common sources. Their emissions interact in the atmosphere, and—jointly and individually—cause a variety of harmful environmental effects at the local, regional, and global scales. The GAINS model explores cost-effective emission control strategies that simultaneously tackle local air quality and greenhouse gases so as to […]
GCAM is an integrated, multi-sector model that explores both human and Earth system dynamics. The role of models like GCAM is to bring multiple human and physical Earth systems together in one place to shed light on system interactions and provide scientific insights that would not otherwise be available from […]
The General Equilibrium Model for Economy-Energy-Environment (GEM-E3) is a multi-regional, multi-sectoral, recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model which provides details on the macro-economy and its interaction with the environment and the energy system. It is an empirical, large scale model written entirely in structural form. It is well suited […]
GEMINI-E3 is a multi-country, multi-sector, recursive computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. It simulates all relevant markets, domestic and international, considered as perfectly competitive, which implies that the corresponding prices are flexible in markets for commodities (through relative prices), for labour (through wages), and for domestic and international savings (through rates […]
GLOBIO calculates local terrestrial biodiversity intactness, expressed by the mean species abundance (MSA) indicator, as a function of six human pressures: land use, road disturbance, fragmentation, hunting, atmospheric nitrogen deposition and climate change. The core of the model consists of quantitative pressure-impact relationships that have been established based on extensive […]
IIASA’s Global Biosphere Management Model (GLOBIOM) is used to analyze the competition for land use between agriculture, forestry, and bioenergy, which are the main land-based production sectors. As such, the model can provide scientists and policymakers with the means to assess, on a global basis, the rational production of food, […]
GLUCOSE is a global, highly aggregated, CLEWs-based IAM, open from source to solver. The model is designed for education and communication purposes. GLUCOSE shows how combined cross-sectoral policies are beneficial for all resources. Much like RICE and DICE are accessible IAM Economic models, CLUCOSE is an accessible technology and resource system model. It […]
The model for Global Responses to Anthropogenic Change in the Environment (GRACE) is a multi-sector, multi-regional, recursively dynamic global computable general equilibrium model (CGE) written in GAMS and based on GTAP database. The initial version of the model was developed at CICERO by Aaheim and Rive (2005) for long-term economic analysis of climate change impacts and […]
There is a debate regarding the suitability of global integrated assessment models (IAMs) for long-term planning exercises of the global energy system. This study informs this debate from a power system perspective and proposes a methodological framework for soft-linking of global IAMs with detailed global power system models. With the […]
ICES is a recursive dynamic multiregional Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model to assess impacts of climate change on the economic system and to study mitigation and adaptation policies. ICES is a multipurpose tool to assess impacts of climate change on the economic system, evaluate costs of mitigation and adaptation policies, describe the key role of public […]
International Futures (IFs) model, is a sophisticated and comprehensive forecasting modeling system that produces forecasts for 186 countries to the year 2100. Below is an interactive diagram of the IFs model structure, designed to help you understand how IFs builds its forecasts. The network diagram begins with a bird’s-eye-view of […]
Designed to analyze interactions between humans and the Earth system, this comprehensive set of models is used to study the causes, consequences and solutions to problems that arise from global change. We define global change broadly and consider the unintended impacts of global economic and population growth on natural resource […]
The computation of long term economic pathways and the assessment of sustainable development policies require models able to embark information and expectations from economists, engineers, earth scientists and stakeholders. CIRED has drawn the architecture of modelling IMACLIM in order to cope with this scientific challenge at the interface of environment […]
Integrated Model to Assess the Global Environment (IMAGE) 3.0 is a comprehensive integrated modelling framework of interacting human and natural systems. The model framework is suited to large scale (mostly global) and long-term (up to the year 2100) assessments of interactions between human development and the natural environment, and integrates […]
In view of the aforementioned pressing background and urgent demand for policy assessment, the Green and Low Carbon Research Group (Homepage: http://scholar.pku.edu.cn/hanchengdai) of College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering at Peking University is devoted to developing integrated assessment model of energy-environment-economy system and contributing to the academic research and policy making […]
In order to quantify GHG emissions from various sources, a modeling framework was developed to analyze possible pathways of energy activities and GHG emissions for the world and China. Structure of IPAC is displayed in Figure 1. IPAC is a multi-model framework, which cover different modeling methodologies by focusing on […]
MAGICC stands for ‘Model for the Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Induced Climate Change’. It is a prime reduced-complexity model, often used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), for key scientific publications and by a number of Integrated Assessment Models. MAGICC has a hemispherically averaged upwelling-diffusion ocean coupled to […]
The Model of Agricultural Production and its Impact on the Environment (MAgPIE) is a global land use allocation model, which is connected to the grid-based dynamic vegetation model LPJmL, with a spatial resolution of 0.5°x0.5°. It takes regional economic conditions such as demand for agricultural commodities, technological development and production costs […]
TERI’s MARKAL-India model is a bottom-up customised MARKAL model for the Indian energy and environmental policy context. It is based on a rational expectation hypothesis of inter-temporal optimisation with perfect foresight. The energy service demands are estimated in useful energy terms and supply is met through all energy technologies available […]
MERGE was designed to estimate the regional and global economic impacts of greenhouse gas reductions. The model is sufficiently to flexible to explore alternative views on a wide range of issues, such as: costs of abatement, damages from climate change, valuation and discounting. MERGE is made up of four submodels: […]
MERGE-ETL is an integrated assessment model combining a bottom-up description of the energy system, a top-down description of the economy (Ramsey-type), and a simplified climate cycle. In addition, technological learning is represented in MERGE-ETL by two-factor learning curves for technology investment costs by accounting for technological and regional spillovers in […]
The IIASA IAM framework consists of a combination of five different models or modules – the energy model MESSAGE, the land use model GLOBIOM, the air pollution and GHG model GAINS, the aggregated macro-economic model MACRO and the simple climate model MAGICC – which complement each other and are specialized […]
MEDEAS-World model is a global, one region-aggregated economy-energy-environment model which runs from 1995 to 2050. MEDEAS-World model serves as framework for the development and evolution of the European model version, which is the core of the MEDEAS project. MEDEAS-World model has been designed applying System Dynamics, which facilitates the integration […]
NEMESIS is a sectoral detailed macroeconometric model for the EU. It is a system of economic models for every Member State (as well as the UK, Norway, and Iceland), used to assess a wide spectrum of policies, including fiscal, budgetary, labour market, research and innovation, energy, climate, and environment. Acknowledging […]
DIAMOND will develop the Open-source MuNdus Integrated Assessment model (OMNIA), an individual, open-access global IAM based on the TIMES framework and the research expertise of established TIAM development teams. The great ambition of OMNIA is to enable a broader community of practice: based on shared development and best-in-practice approaches to […]
PROMETHEUS is a global energy system model covering in detail the complex interactions between energy demand, supply, and energy prices at the regional and global level. In terms of spatial disaggregation, OPEN-PROM will be expanded from 10 to at least 25 world regions, including G20 economies as well as further […]
OSeMOSYS is an open source modelling system for long-run integrated assessment and energy planning. It has been employed to develop energy systems models from the scale of continents (African Power Pools, South America, EU28+2) down to the scale of countries, regions and villages. Designed to require no upfront financial investment, […]
Oxford Economics’ models provide a rigorous and consistent structure for forecasting and testing scenarios on a macro level for 80 countries, and for 100 sectors in 69 economies. Globally integrated and internally consistent, our models can be used to address questions on a wide range of economic topics such as […]
The PAGE2002 model is different to many often more complicated Integrated Assessment Models (IAM) as it is a stochastic model that incorporates simplified environmental and economic equations to approximate complex phenomena such as radiative forcing and economic impacts. By using probability distributions for economic and environmental variables, the model calculates […]
Integrated assessment models (IAM) study the interlinkages between human and natural systems and play a key role in assessing global strategies to reduce global warming. However, they largely neglect the role of materials and the circular economy. With the Plastics Integrated Assessment model (PLAIA), we included plastic production, use, and […]
POLES (Prospective Outlook on Long-term Energy Systems) is a global recursive dynamic simulation model of the energy system and covers all anthropogenic greenhouse gases emissions. It allows to simulate a wide range of energy policies, be they on the demand side or on the supply sector. It displays a high […]
PROMETHEUS is a global energy system model covering in detail the complex interactions between energy demand, supply and energy prices at the regional and global level. Its main objectives are: 1) Assess climate change mitigation pathways and low-emission development strategies for the medium and long-term 2) Analyse the energy system, […]
REMES is a Computable General Equilibrium model that represents the Norwegian economy with a particular focus on the energy system. REMES is used to study the effects of macroeconomic policies on the Norwegian economy. The model splits the national economy into five regions, which coincide with the five Norwegian energy […]
REMIND (REgional Model of Investment and Development) is a numerical model that represents the future evolution of the world economies with a special focus on the development of the energy sector and the implications for our world climate. The goal of REMIND is to find the optimal mix of investments […]
The Renewable Energy Potential (reV) model is a first-of-its-kind detailed spatio-temporal modeling assessment tool that empowers users to calculate renewable energy capacity, generation, and cost based on geospatial intersection with grid infrastructure and land-use characteristics. NREL developed the reV model to help utility planners, regional and national agencies, project and […]
A multi-regional Integrated Assessment Model, described in the paper ‘Persistent inequality in economically optimal climate policies’, Gazzotti et. al, 2021, Nature Communications https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-23613-y The modeling framework considers 57 independent regions. The dynamics of economic growth, greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions, emissions mitigation costs, and economic impacts due to climate change follow […]
Understanding how structural changes occur in energy supply requires approaches that are able to represent the structure of the energy system in detail and the main factors affecting structural change. Among these factors, system-wide effects are likely to be particularly important given that technological change in one subsector of the […]
TEMPEST (Technological EconoMic Political Energy Systems Transition) is a multi-scale model of the UK’s energy demand and supply system. It focuses on the transition of the energy system to be completely decarbonised in line with the Paris Agreement (e.g. by 2080), with an 80% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from […]
The US Regional Economy, Greenhouse Gas, and Energy Model (US-REGEN) is a new model developed by the Electric Power Research Institute. It combines a detailed dispatch and capacity expansion model of the United States electric sector with a high-level dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the United States economy, […]
The WILIAM model (Within Limits Integrated Assessment Model) is a new IAM in the final stage of development within the H2020-LOCOMOTION project. WILIAM is a system dynamics developed model that has been designed based on MEDEAS models to address constraints in the field of IAMs. System dynamics allows capturing complex feedback loops and non-linear relationships between […]
WITCH (World Induced Technical Change Hybrid) is an integrated assessment model designed to assess climate change mitigation and adaptation policies. WITCH consists of a dynamic global model that integrates in a unified framework the most important elements of climate change. The economy is modelled through an inter-temporal optimal growth model […]